2024年5月3日,来自广州医科大学刘兴国团队在学术期刊《细胞—代谢》上发表了标题为“A novel protein CYTB-187AA encoded by the mitochondrial gene CYTB modulates mammalian early development.”得研究成果,发现线粒体基因CYTB编码的新型蛋白质CYTB-187AA调节哺乳动物的早期发育。
据悉,线粒体基因组转录13个mRNA,编码氧化磷酸化所必需的著名蛋白质。
线粒体基因CYTB编码胞质翻译的CYTB-187AA调控早期发育
既往研究表明,哺乳动物的线粒体基因组包含37个基因,其中13个基因编码信使RNA翻译为蛋白质、22个编码转运RNA、2个编码核糖体RNA。线粒体基因组编码的信使RNA在内膜包裹的基质内,由线粒体核糖体翻译,形成内膜上呼吸链的13个蛋白质,在能量产生中发挥了核心作用。线粒体基因组中心法则的密码子,与细胞核在细胞质核糖体翻译的“标准密码子”存在明显不同。然而,线粒体基因组编码区是否可以使用细胞质标准遗传密码编码新的蛋白质?这是关乎中心法则的基本科学问题。
研究人员证明,细胞色素b(CYTB)是复合体III中唯一由线粒体 DNA 编码的转录本,它还使用细胞质核糖体的标准遗传密码而不是线粒体遗传密码,编码一种未被识别的长达187氨基酸的蛋白质CYTB-187AA。在利用质谱和抗体验证了这种由细胞质翻译产生的 mtDNA 编码蛋白(mPACT)的存在后,研究人员发现CYTB-187AA主要定位于线粒体基质中,并通过与溶质运载家族25成员3(SLC25A3)相互作用来调节ATP的产生,从而促进了多能状态从活化到初始的转变。
研究人员进一步建立了一个CYTB-187AA沉默的转基因敲入小鼠模型,并发现CYTB-187AA的减少会通过减少卵巢卵泡的数量而损害雌性的生育能力。研究人员首次发现了线粒体mRNA的新型mPACT模式,并证明了这种由mtDNA编码的第14种蛋白质的生理功能。
Highlights
- CYTB encodes a new protein, CYTB-187AA, using the standard genetic code in cytosol
- CYTB-187AA promotes the pluripotent state in primed-to-naive transition
- CYTB-187AA interacts with SLC25A3 to modulate ATP production
- CYTB-187AA regulates the fertility of female mice via ovarian follicles
Summary
The mitochondrial genome transcribes 13 mRNAs coding for well-known proteins essential for oxidative phosphorylation. We demonstrate here that cytochrome b (CYTB), the only mitochondrial-DNA-encoded transcript among complex III, also encodes an unrecognized 187-amino-acid-long protein, CYTB-187AA, using the standard genetic code of cytosolic ribosomes rather than the mitochondrial genetic code. After validating the existence of this mtDNA-encoded protein arising from cytosolic translation (mPACT) using mass spectrometry and antibodies, we show that CYTB-187AA is mainly localized in the mitochondrial matrix and promotes the pluripotent state in primed-to-naive transition by interacting with solute carrier family 25 member 3 (SLC25A3) to modulate ATP production. We further generated a transgenic knockin mouse model of CYTB-187AA silencing and found that reduction of CYTB-187AA impairs females’ fertility by decreasing the number of ovarian follicles. For the first time, we uncovered the novel mPACT pattern of a mitochondrial mRNA and demonstrated the physiological function of this 14th protein encoded by mtDNA.
文章来源:
Zhijuan Hu, Liang Yang, Maolei Zhang et al, A novel protein CYTB-187AA encoded by the mitochondrial gene CYTB modulates mammalian early development.DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.012,Cell Metabolism:最新IF:31.373