Cryptorchidism or undescended testis is the most frequent congenital abnormality in newborn boys. The process of testicular descent to the scrotum is controlled by hormones produced in Leydig cells, insulin-like3, and androgens. Variation in genetic and environmental factors might affect testicular descent. A failure of spermatogenesis and germ cell apoptosis resulting in infertility as well as an increased risk of neoplastic transformation of germ cell are the direct consequences of cryptorchidism in adulthood.
