Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) derived from parthenogenetically activated human oocytes demonstrate the typical characteristics displayed by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) including infinite division and in vitro and in vivo differentiation into cells of all germ lineages. Different activation techniques allow the creation of either human leukocyte antigen (HLA) heterozygous human parthenogenetic stem cell (hpSC) lines, which are HLA-matched/histocompatible with the oocyte donor, or HLA-homozygous hpSC lines, which may be histocompatible to significant segments of the human population. This immune-matching advantage, combined with the advantage of derivation from nonviable human embryos that originate from unfertilized parthenogenetically activated oocytes, makes hpSCs a promising source of PSCs for cell-based transplantation therapy. This chapter describes two approaches for the parthenogenetic activation of human oocytes, their cultivation to the blastocyst stage, and the subsequent derivation of PSC lines.
