| DISEASE AND CAUSES |
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY |
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS |
| Mastocytosis |
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Proliferation of mast cells systemically and within skin. |
- Urticaria pigmentosa
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Flushing
- Vascular collapse
- Headaches
- Ascites
|
| Mastoiditis |
|
|
- Bacterial infection of the mastoid antrum.
|
An inflammation and infection of the air cells of the mastoid antrum. |
- Dull ache and tenderness around the mastoid process
- Low grade fever
- Headache
- Thick purulent drainage
- Meningitis
- Facial paralysis
- Brain abscess
- Labyrinthitis
|
| Medullary sponge kidney |
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|
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Collecting ducts in the renal pyramids dilate, forming cavities, clefts, and cysts that produce complications of calcium oxylate stones and infections. |
- Kidney stones
- Hematuria
- Infection (fever, chills, and malaise)
|
| Melasma |
|
|
- Hypermelanotic skin disorder associated with increased hormonal levels with pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and ovarian cancer
|
Thought to be due to the effects of estrogen and progesterone on melanin production. |
- Patchy, nonraised, hypermelanotic rash
|
| Mycosis fungoides |
|
|
|
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Rare, chronic malignant T-cell lymphoma originating in the reticuloendothelial system of the skin, and affecting lymph nodes and internal organs. |
- Urticarial, erythematous, or eczematous patches with irregular-shaped, well-defined borders; patches may become hard and form ulcers, then eventually drain a thin pus and serum
|
| Myelodysplastic syndromes |
|
|
- Caused by genetic factors and exposure to chemicals or radiation
|
Preleukemic disorders that progress to leukemia |
- Pancytopenia
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Palpitations
- Dizziness
- Irritability
- Anemia
|
| Myocarditis |
|
|
- Inflammation of the myocardium due to bacterial, fungal, viral, or protozoal infections; heat stroke; ionizing radiation; rheumatic fever; and diphtheria
|
Initial infection triggers an autoimmune, cellular, and possibly humoral response resulting in myocardial inflammation and necrosis. |
- Rapid, irregular, and weak pulse
- Chest tenderness
- First heart sound resembles second heart sound
- Fatigue
|
