| DISEASE AND CAUSES |
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY |
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS |
| Hand, foot, and mouth disease |
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- Common disease in infants and children due to Coxsackie A 16
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RNA virus produces fever and vesicles in the oropharynx and on the hands and feet. |
- Painful vesicular lesions on the mouth, tongue, hands, and feet
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| Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome |
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- Genetic, autosomal recessive disorder
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A lipid-like material accumulates in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system, resulting in platelet dysfunction and pulmonary fibrosis. |
- Low visual acuity
- Bruising and prolonged bleeding
- Lung fibrosis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Reduced kidney function
- Nystagmus
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| Herpangina |
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- Acute infection due to group A Coxsackie virus transmitted by fecal-oral route
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RNA virus produces fever and vesicles in the posterior portion of the oropharynx. |
- Sore throat
- Pain with swallowing
- Fever (100° to 104° F) lasting for 1 to 4 days
- Febrile seizures
- Anorexia
- Vomiting
- Malaise
- Diarrhea
- Gray-white papulovesicles on soft palate
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| Hiatal hernia |
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- Diaphragmatic malformation or weakening
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Weakening of anchors from the gastroesophageal junction to the diaphragm or increased abdominal pressure allow herniation of part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm. |
- Reflux of gastric contents
- Dysphagia
- Chest pain
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| Hirsutism |
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- Androgen excess due to hereditary, endocrine (such as Cushing's or acromegaly) causes, and pharmacologic adverse effects
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Minoxidil, androgenic steroids, or testosterone ingestion can cause signs of:
- masculinization
- pituitary dysfunction � acromegaly, precocious puberty
- adrenal dysfunction � Cushing's syndrome.
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- Excessive hair growth in women or children, typically in an adult male distribution pattern
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| Hyperbilirubinemia |
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- Rh or ABO mother/fetal incompatibility or intrauterine viral infection
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Massive destruction of RBCs causes high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is derived from hemoglobin in RBCs. |
- Elevated levels of serum bilirubin
- Jaundice
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| Hypersplenism |
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- Increased activity of the spleen, where all types of blood cells are removed from circulation due to chronic myelogenous leukemia, lymphomas, Gaucher's disease, hairy cell leukemia, and sarcoidosis
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Spleen growth may be stimulated by an increase in its workload, such as the trapping and destroying of abnormal RBCs. |
- Enlarged spleen
- Cytopenia
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